# Do you give partial credit? How to grade Venn diagrams

Suppose that on an exam you asked your class to shade the region corresponding to $(A\cap B)\cup(C-(A\cup B))$ in the figure below. The problem is worth 5 points.

The correct answer is:
When you received their solutions, some students had regions shaded that shouldn’t be shaded and left regions unshaded when they should be shaded. My question is: should you give partial credit, and if so, how should partial credit be determined?

My first thought was to take off a point for each region they shaded (or didn’t shade) incorrectly. Unfortunately, after a little thought I realized this is not a good method.

The idea behind “partial credit” is that if there is a problem that requires several steps to complete, and the student completes some of them correctly, then the student should receive some of the points, and the number of points should measure how close they were to a correct solution. The problem is that it is often difficult or impossible to reverse-engineer a Venn diagram and figure out how the students arrived at their shading. For example, suppose you saw these answers on the students’ papers. Can you figure out what they were thinking?

1. 2.

3. 4.

Here’s how I came up with these:

1. $(A\cup B)\cap(C-(A\cap B))$: treated intersections as unions and unions as intersections
2. $(A\cap B)\cup((A\cup B)-C)$: misunderstood relative complement
3. $(A\cap B)\cup(C-(A\cap B))$: accidentally misread the last union as an intersection
4. $(A\cup B)\cup(C-(A\cup B))$: accidentally misread the intersection as a union

According to my naive grading scheme the students would get the following number of points:

1. 0 points
2. 2 points
3. 3 points
4. 1 point

As you can see, small errors do not necessarily lead to Venn diagrams that look like the original. Because of this, the point allocations do not seem to represent what fraction of the problem that the student got correct. (For example, 3 and 4 are in some sense the ‘same’ mistake, but they yield different numbers of points.)

So, unfortunately, I think that Venn diagrams need to be graded all-or-nothing.

I would be happy to hear others’ thoughts on this grading conundrum.

Update: A colleague of mine wrote…

I think that the answer is easy.  You are trying to award partial credit when a student has not shown their work.  Your Venn diagram problem and answer is equivalent to an algebra problem $( 7 - 5) + (8 * (9 + 2))$ where the student writes 11 as the answer.  You wouldn’t begin to guess how the student got 11.  You probably would mark this wrong, take off full credit, and write “show work.”  The same holds for Venn diagrams.  The answer to your Venn diagram question would be for the student to “show their work.”  You would need to ask for $A\cup B$ and $(A\cap B)$, then $C - (A \cup B)$, and then the final answer— otherwise you are trying to guess what the student was thinking.